我思故我在:笛卡尔与现代性的门槛
门槛上的思想家 René Descartes(1596-1650) Stand at threshold—— Between two worlds: Medieval/Renaissance behind—— Modern ahead 他是: Mathematician(创立解析几何) Scientist(光学、生理学) Philosopher(现代哲学之父) 但most importantly: He change how we think about thinking itself 从他开始—— Philosophy变成: Individual mind面对world—— Seeking certainty through reason alone 这是modern subjectivity的birth 从怀疑到确定 Night of dreams November 10, 1619—— Bavaria(随军中)—— 23岁的Descartes有三个dreams 他解释为divine calling: 统一all sciences through mathematics和reason 这shape他的一生mission 《方法论》(Discourse on Method,1637) 自传性philosophical work 描述他的intellectual journey Systematic doubt Descartes决定: 找absolutely certain foundation for knowledge 方法: ...