自然法:理性发现的道德

道德的基础在哪里? Fundamental ethical question: 什么makes action对或错? 可能answers: 上帝的命令(Divine Command) 对=上帝commands 错=上帝forbids 社会convention(Conventionalism) 对=社会approves 错=社会condemns 个人preference(Subjectivism) 对=我like 错=我dislike 后果(Consequentialism) 对=produces good consequences 错=produces bad consequences Aquinas’s answer:Natural Law(自然法) 道德基于: Human nature(人性) Reason(理性) Natural inclinations(自然倾向) 不是arbitrary(任意的)—— 而是based on reality of what we are Natural Law Theory 自然法(Lex Naturalis)= Moral law人can discover通过reason—— Based on understanding人的nature和good 不需要revelation(启示)—— 虽然revelation confirms和deepens it 法的层级 Aquinas区分four kinds of law: 1. Eternal Law(永恒法) 上帝’s plan for all creation—— Divine reason governing universe ...

March 10, 2012 at 12:00 AM